FOR HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS

How Supradyn works: Support of children’s immune system

Sharing toys, putting fingers in mouth, frequent contact with the floor, limited hand washing, and close contact with peers are only few examples of how children are far more often in contact with bacteria than adults.

With the immune system still in development throughout childhood and adolescence, a correct level of micronutrients in children is essential to ward off illnesses. Potential consequences of insufficient micronutrients include impaired immune response and reduced resistance to infections, as well as lower energy levels and general fatigue. Due to inadequate intake of vitamins and minerals, supplementation is often necessary. Supradyn Kids includes all key micronutrients that support the immune system on a daily basis and in flu season, such as vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc. Vitamin C reduces susceptibility to infections, prevents the onset of viral infections, and protects cells against oxidative damage, reducing the healing time. Its regular supplementation can reduce the incidence and duration of the common cold. Vitamin D interacts with immune cells, facilitating normal immune functions. It is involved in forming the immunological memory of T-cells and participates in the production of antimicrobial proteins. Supplementation with zinc boosts the immune response and helps reduce the duration and severity of the common cold. Iron is critical for normal development of the immune system, proliferation of immune cells, and elimination of pathogens. To further support the immune system, Supradyn Kids is also enriched with Sea Buckthorn, a natural ingredient that helps recover from sickness. Rich in bioactive substances, Sea Buckthorn attenuates the severity of viral and bacterial infections.

Key micronutrients for immune system support

The immune system has three layers of defence¹⁰

Skin and mucosal barriers (innate physical barriers)

White blood cells (innate cellular defences)

Antibodies (adaptive cellular defences)

Vitamin C

Reduces susceptibility to infections¹¹

Lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes contain more vitamin C than plasma³

Prevents the onset of viral infections¹³

Protects cells against oxidative damage, reducing wound healing time^10,12,14

Supplementation can reduce the incidence and duration of the common cold¹⁵

Vitamin D

Interacts with immune cells, facilitating normal immune function¹⁶

Involved in forming the immunological memory of T-cells, potentially enhancing cellular immunity¹⁷

Supplementation can reduce the risk of respiratory tract infections^18,19

Improves chemotaxis and phagocytic capabilities of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages^20-22

Involved in the production of antimicrobial proteins by neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages (defensin β2, cathelicidin)^20-22

Zinc

Required for the structural and catalytic function of >300 enzymes, many of which are involved in the development of the immune system by regulating gene expression²³

Boosts immune response²⁴

Supplementation can reduce the duration and severity of the common cold²⁵

Iron

Fundamental for normal development of the immune system²⁶

Critical for the proliferation of immune cells²⁷

Associated with T-lymphocyte activity²⁸

Involved in regulating cytokine production and activity²⁶

Integral for the intracellular killing of pathogens²⁶

Potential consequences of insufficient micronutrients:

Sea Buckthorn for immune system support

The natural ingredient

Sea Buckthorn

can have a key role in supporting the immune system, and in recovery from sickness

Contains ~190 bioactive substances (vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, antioxidants, flavonoids, polyphenols, amino acids)²⁹

Beneficial effects on the immune system and recovery from sickness^29,30
Reduces serum concentration of C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammation³¹
Reduces oxidative stress in muscle and liver (caused by physically demanding activity [muscle only] or stressful environmental situations such as cold temperature and hypoxaemia)³²
Supports recovery from stressful environmental situations by increasing superoxide dismutase³²
Reduces growth of influenza A/B at the initial stage of viral replication^33,34
Might attenuate the severity of viral and bacterial infections^33-35

REFERENCES

Micronutrient requirements of children ages 4 to 13 years. Oregon State University. Available from: https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/life-stages/children. Accessed August 2018;
Micronutrient requirements of adolescents ages 14 to 18 years. Oregon State University. Available from: https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/life-stages/adolescents. Accessed August 2018;
Karpinski M, et al. Roles of vitamins D and K, nutrition, and lifestyle in low-energy bone fractures in children and young adults. J Am Coll Nut r2017;36:399–412;
IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2011. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D.Washington, DC: The National Academies Press;
SolimanAT, et al. Vitamin D deficiency in adolescents. Indian J EndocrinolMetab2014;18(Suppl1):S9–S16;
Kruger HS. The necessity for a balanced diet in children: physical, mental and intellectual development. Available from: http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/est/COMM_MARKETS_MONITORING/Dairy/Documents/02__Kruger_pres.pdf. Accessed August 2018;
EFSA, Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to vitamin D and contribution to normal bone and Tooth development pursuant to Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA Journal2014;12:3579;
Vitamin D, in dietary reference intakes for calcium and v itamin D. A report of the panel on micronutrients, standing committee on the scientific valuation of dietary reference intakes; food and nutrition board.Institute of Medicine2010, National Academy Press: Washington, D.C. 75–456;
DeLuca HF. The v itamin D story: a collaborative effort of basic science and clinical medicine. FasebJ 1988;2:224–36;
Bonjour JP, et al. Peak bone mass. Ost eoporosInt1994;4(Suppl1):7–13;
KapilU. Health Consequences of Iodine Deficiency.Sult an QaboosUniversity Medical Journal2007;7:267–72;
Zimmermann MB. The role of iodine in human growth and development. SeminCell Dev Biol2011;22:645–52;
Singh M. Role of micronutrients for physical growth and mental development. Indian J Pediatr2004;71:59–62;
Filer LJ Jr. Iron needs during rapid growth and mental development. J Pediatr 1990;117:S143–6;
Strand TA, et al. Vitamin B-12, folic acid, and growth in 6-to 30-month-old children: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics2015;135:4;
Chu W. B v itamin deficiencies linked to poor infant development issues. Av ailable from: https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2017/03/30/B-vitamin-deficiencies-linked-to-poor-infant-development-issues. Accessed August 2018.
Zielinska A and Nowak I. Abundance of active ingredients in sea-buckthorn oil. Lipids Health Dis 2017;16:95.
Patel CA, et al. Remedial Prospective of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. (Sea Buckthorn). ISRN Pharmacol 2012:436857.
Larmo P, et al. Effects of sea buckthorn berries on infections and inflammation: a double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008;62:1123–30.
Saggu S and Kumar R. Modulatory effect of seabuckthorn leaf extract on oxidative stress parameters in rats during exposure to cold, hypoxia and restraint (C-H-R) stress and post stress recovery. J Pharm Pharmacol 2007;59:1739–45.
Enkhtaivan G, et al. Extreme effects of seabuckthorn extract on influenza viruses and human cancer cells and correlation between flavonol glycosides and biological activities of extracts. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017;24:1646–1656.
Torelli A, et al. Sea buckthorn bud extract displays activity against cell-cultured Influenza virus. J Prev Med Hyg 2015;56:E51–56.
Upadhyay NK, Kumar MS, and Gupta A. Antioxidant, cytoprotective and antibacterial effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaves. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:3443–8.
Singh M and Das RR. Zinc for the common cold. Cochrane Database SystRev2013:CD001364;
Kumar V and ChoudryVP. Iron Deficiency and Infection. Indian J Pediatr2010;77:789–93;
Hassan TS, et al. Impact of iron deficiency anemiaon the function of the immune system in children. Medicine2016;95:47;
JonkerFAM, et al. Anaemia, iron deficiency and susceptibility to infection in children in sub-Saharan Africa, guideline dilemmas. Br J Haemat ol2017;177:878–83;
ZielinskaA and Nowak I. Abundance of active ingredients in sea-buckthorn oil. Lipids Health Dis 2017;16:95;
Patel CA, et al. Remedial Prospective of HippophaerhamnoidesLinn. (Sea Buckthorn). ISRN Pharmacol2012:436857;
LarmoP, et al. Effects of sea buckthorn berries on infections and inflammation: a double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled trial. EurJ ClinNutr2008;62:1123–30;
SagguS and Kumar R. Modulatory effect of seabuckthornleaf extract on oxidative stress parameters in rats during exposure to cold, hypoxia and restraint (C-H-R) stress and post stress recov ery. J Pharm Pharmacol2007;59:1739–45;
EnkhtaivanG, et al. Extreme effects of seabuckthornextract on influenza viruses and human cancer cells and correlation between flavonolglycosides and biological activities of extracts. Saudi J BiolSci2017;24:1646–56;
TorelliA, et al. Sea buckthorn bud extract displays activity against cell-cultured Influenza virus. J PrevMed Hyg2015;56:E51–6;
UpadhyayNK, Kumar MS, and Gupta A. Antioxidant, cytoprotectiveand antibacterial effects of sea buckthorn (HippophaerhamnoidesL.) leav es. Food ChemToxicol2010;48:3443–8.
Micronutrient requirements of children ages 4 to 13 years. Oregon State University. Available from: https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/life-stages/children. Accessed August 2018;